Tetanus is highly preventable
called Clostridium tetani. This
bacteria is a normal inhabitant in
the intestinal tract of the horse, as
well as in the soil. It cannot multiply
in the presence of oxygen
(anaerobic).
It is produced only under anaerobic
conditions. The anaerobic
conditions of some wounds,
especially deep puncture wounds,
provides ideal conditions for the
growth of this bacteria. Since even
a small wound can be an entry
sight for the bacteria, all horses
should be maintained on a tetanus
immunization program.
If an unprotected horse is injured
or subjected to surgery, an
injection of tetanus antitoxin
should be given.
This will provide a few weeks of
defense against the bacteria. A
tetanus toxoid booster should be
given to insure a high level of
immunity.
It takes a few days to several
weeks for tetanus to develop.
Tetanus travels by way of the
nerve trunks to the central nervous
system. Affected horses are
reluctant to move, and when forced
to do so, will move stiffly, flexing the
joints as little as possible. The
head and neck will be held
extended and the tail raised. The
third eyelid will protrude and
partially
cover the horse's eye. Breathing
and swallowing are difficult.
spasms and convulsions. The horse
may fall and upon trying to rise my
begin a series muscle convulsions
again. Death occurs from either
exhaustion or respiratory failure when
the diaphragm becomes paralyzed.
The mortality rate is approximately
80% in affected horses. If a horse is
suspected to have tetanus a
veterinarian should be called
immediately.
Veterinary treatment is directed at
reducing muscle spasms and
supplying the horse with neutrients.
Depressants, muscles relaxants,
massive doses of tetanus antitoxin and
massive doses of antibiotics are
usually administered. It may take
several weeks for the treatment of
tetanus, and even after the animal has
seemingly recovered, care must be
taken not to unnecessarily excite the
horse and cause a relapse.
Preventative measures for tetanus
should include checking the horse for
wounds, cleaning and treating these
wounds and a regular immunization
program.
Euthanasia is, of course, the only
alternative for those horses that do not
respond to treatment. However,
tetanus is highly preventable with a
regular tetanus toxoid vaccine
 |
 |